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A Further Discussion on Trends in the Development of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

YANG Shu-zi, WU Bo, LI Bin

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第1期页码 1-5 doi: 10.1007/s11465-005-0002-y

摘要：

This paper is a supplement to Trends in the Development of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (Yang and Wu in Chin. J. Mech. Eng., 39: 73, 2003) but delves deeper into it. It first points out the strategic status of manufacturing industry in state development. Then, a detailed analysis is given on the features and trends in the development of advanced manufacturing technology in a total of 12 points from three aspects: precision, extreme, and culture from the aspect of the product itself; green, rapidness, saving, and efficiency during the manufacturing process; and digit, auto, integration, networking, and intelligence in view of the manufacturing method. In addition, it emphasizes that all the above aspects should be based on two base points: manufacture and machinery. Finally, it puts forth the guiding ideologies for the development of advanced manufacturing technology and the aspects China should give priority to in development, while stressing on the principles of independence, innovation and human orientation.

关键词： Development development integration networking orientation

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高层超高层建筑的产生与发展及今后趋向预计

戴复东

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第2期页码 6-18

摘要：

世界上的人造物得以实现是需要与可能的结合，高层与超高层建筑的产生也不能违背这一规律。人类从古以来就有要高，登高和居高的精神和物质愿望和需要，但它变成高层超高层建筑的现实却是：在19世纪末至20世纪初产业革命后，生产力大发展，大城市快速发展；钢铁工业的发展，钢材被大量应用于建筑；电梯的发明。当时只有美国同时具备这三项条件。高层建筑产生以后就以迅猛的方式往高及超高层建筑发展。目前它的最高高度向460m冲刺。它的发展大约可以分成四个阶段，即初始摸索、纵深探索、现代主义、成熟时期。前不久，由于亚洲及西太平洋经济的发展，这一地区高层、超高层建筑有了较大发展，但它们毕竟是经济的产物。今后它要走生态化道路，在工程材料及力学上仍有广阔的前景，但高究竟会有什么负面问题？高度是否有上限？上限在哪里？是值得研究与探讨的。

关键词：高层及超高层建筑发展趋向预计

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世界海洋工程与科技的发展趋势与启示

“中国海洋工程与科技发展战略研究”项目综合组

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第2期页码 126-130 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.02.016

摘要：

本文通过对世界海洋工程与科技发展所呈现的海洋开发技术和设备不断进步推动海洋资源全面开发利用，海洋能源开发利用已成为各海洋国家发展的重要支柱，海洋生物资源开发一直是世界各国竞争热点，海洋污染控制和防范受到国际社会的高度关注，海陆关联工程与技术在现代海洋开发中发挥越来越重要的作用等特点与趋势的梳理与分析，获得如下启示：强化全民海洋意识，推进海洋强国战略；加强科技创新，提升海洋工程与科技的竞争力；优化产业结构，大力扶持海洋新兴产业；健全管理体制，建立协调发展机制；加强海洋保护，保障资源可持续利用。

关键词：海洋工程海洋科技发展趋势启示

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21世纪世界航空动力技术发展趋势与展望

刘大响,金捷

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第9期页码 1-8

摘要：

21世纪的世界航空动力技术将继续加速发展，有可能出现革命性变化。传统的燃气涡轮发动机仍具有巨大的发展潜力；随着超燃冲压发动机以及涡轮和火箭基组合循环发动机的应用，高超声速飞行将成为现实，并有可能迎来以高超声速空天往返飞行为标志的新的航空时代；脉冲爆震发动机、超微型发动机等新概念发动机必将登上历史舞台；新能源航空发动机将占据一席之地；航空动力技术将继续在人类科技发展和社会进步中占据重要的地位。

关键词：航空发动机发展方向燃气涡轮高超声速

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分析仪器发展趋势展望

金钦汉

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第1期页码 85-88

摘要：

科学仪器的创新是知识创新和技术创新的重要内容。发展科学仪器应当视为国家战略。分析仪器是科学仪器的重要组成部分。分析仪器工业是高技术信息产业。分析仪器的发展是现代科学、经济和社会发展的重要基础和推动力之一。分析仪器的主要应用领域正向生物医学领域转移。分析仪器本身将不断微型化、智能化。但人类向时间和空间的两个极限挑战所需的高级精密仪器也不容忽视。生命过程、生产、科研和社会活动大量需要的将是在线、非侵入、非损坏、原位、实时、多维分析仪器。我国分析仪器与国外的差距在扩大的趋势值得髙度重视。改变这种局面的要素之一是领导者、企业家和科技工作者都必须改变对科学仪器的旧观念。

关键词：分析仪器科学仪器仪器创新科技创新发展趋势

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中国土木结构工程科技2035发展趋势与路径研究

陶慕轩,聂建国,樊健生,潘文豪,汪家继,刘诚

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第1期页码 73-79 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.01.011

摘要：

中国城镇化亟须从“高速推进”转向“品质提升”的新阶段，土木结构工程作为城镇化的重要载体和标志，创造人居环境，将成为中国城镇化品质提升的核心突破口之一。从现在到2035年将是我国土木结构工程领域的关键转型期和重要机遇期。本文综述了世界上土木结构工程领域科技的先进水平，总结了面向2035年土木结构工程科技的发展方向和趋势，识别了土木结构工程领域我国需要解决的重大问题及其对工程科技的需求，提出了土木结构工程领域的关键技术与发展路径，指出了面向2035年土木结构工程领域需要国家层面部署的重大工程。

关键词： 2035年土木工程结构工程发展趋势关键技术发展路径重大工程

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Recent development on innovation design of reconfigurable mechanisms in China

Wuxiang ZHANG, Shengnan LU, Xilun DING

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第1期页码 15-20 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0517-7

摘要： Reconfigurable mechanisms can deliberately reconfigure themselves by rearranging the connectivity of components to meet the different requirements of tasks. Metamorphic and origami-derived mechanisms are two kinds of typical reconfigurable mechanisms, which have attracted increasing attention in the field of mechanisms since they were proposed. Improving the independent design level, innovation, and international competitive powers of reconfigurable mechanical products is important. Summarizing related significant innovation research and application achievements periodically will shed light on research directions and promote academic exchanges. This paper presents an overview of recent developments in innovation design of reconfigurable mechanisms in China, including metamorphic and origami mechanisms and their typical applications. The future development trends are analyzed and forecasted.

关键词： innovation design reconfigurable mechanisms metamorphic mechanisms origami-derived mechanisms development trends

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Catalysis of semihydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene: current trends, challenges, and outlook

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第7期页码 1031-1059 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2113-3

摘要： Ethylene is an important feedstock for various industrial processes, particularly in the polymer industry. Unfortunately, during naphtha cracking to produce ethylene, there are instances of acetylene presence in the product stream, which poisons the Ziegler–Natta polymerization catalysts. Thus, appropriate process modification, optimization, and in particular, catalyst design are essential to ensure the production of highly pure ethylene that is suitable as a feedstock in polymerization reactions. Accordingly, carefully selected process parameters and the application of various catalyst systems have been optimized for this purpose. This review provides a holistic view of the recent reports on the selective hydrogenation of acetylene. Previously published reviews were limited to Pd catalysts. However, effective new metal and non-metal catalysts have been explored for selective acetylene hydrogenation. Updates on this recent progress and more comprehensive computational studies that are now available for the reaction are described herein. In addition to the favored Pd catalysts, other catalyst systems including mono, bimetallic, trimetallic, and ionic catalysts are presented. The specific role(s) that each process parameter plays to achieve high acetylene conversion and ethylene selectivity is discussed. Attempts have been made to elucidate the possible catalyst deactivation mechanisms involved in the reaction. Extensive reports suggest that acetylene adsorption occurs through an active single-site mechanism rather than via dual active sites. An increase in the reaction temperature affords high acetylene conversion and ethylene selectivity to obtain reactant streams free of ethylene. Conflicting findings to this trend have reported the presence of ethylene in the feed stream. This review will serve as a useful resource of condensed information for researchers in the field of acetylene-selective hydrogenation.

关键词： selectivity hydrogenation acetylene ethylene palladium

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Mapping the trends and prospects of battery cathode materials based on patent landscape

《能源前沿（英文）》页码 822-832 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0900-x

摘要： Advancing portable electronics and electric vehicles is heavily dependent on the cutting-edge lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery technology, which is closely linked to the properties of cathode materials. Identifying trends and prospects of cathode materials based on patent analysis is considered a kernel to optimize and refine battery related markets. In this paper, a patent analysis is performed on 6 popular cathode materials by comprehensively considering performance comparison, development trend, annual installed capacity, technology life cycle, and distribution among regions and patent assignees. In the technology life cycle, the cathode materials majorly used in electric vehicle have entered maturity stage, while the lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) cathode that is widely used in portable electronics is still in the growth stage. In global patent distributions, China holds more than 50% of total patents. In the top 10 patent assignees of 6 cathode materials, 2 institutes are from China with the rest being Japan (6) and Republic of Korea (2), indicating that the technology of cathode materials in China is relatively scattered while cathode research is highly concentrated in Japan and Republic of Korea. Moreover, the patent distribution has to consider practical issues as well as the impacts of core patents. For example, the high cost discourages the intention of applying international patents. This paper is expected to stimulate battery research, understand technical layout of various countries, and probably forecast innovative technology breakthroughs.

关键词： patent analysis cathode batteries technology life cycle

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Trends of environmental accidents and impact factors in China

Pengli XUE, Weihua ZENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 266-276 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0267-1

摘要： An overview of the spatial and temporal variations of the environmental accidents in China in recent years was presented in this paper using available data. The results showed that the frequency of pollution accidents was significantly decreased, from 3462 in 1990 to 462 in 2007. The water and air pollution accidents were found to be the dominant types, accounting for more than 80% of the total accidents. Considering the classification of environmental accidents at 4 scales, the general environmental accident, i.e., the least serious type, was the most frequent event, taking up 58.98% of the total pollution accidents. In addition, the distribution of environmental accidents was generally in accordance with the industrial layout in the country during the past decade. It is very important to note that the extraordinarily severe environmental accidents showed an increasing trend in underdeveloped regions, which was caused by the transfer and the development of heavy polluted industry in these areas. As to the losses of environmental accidents, the casualties presented an obvious reduction tendency, while the direct economic loss per accident tended to climb up. Furthermore, some key factors that affect the spatial and temporal tendencies of environmental accidents in China were discussed and some suggestions were put forward, hoping to shed light on environmental risk management and emergency plans making associated with environmental accidents in China.

关键词： environmental accidents spatial and temporal trends environmental risk

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高速动车组技术发展特点及趋势

赵红卫, 梁建英, 刘长青

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第3期页码 234-244 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.01.008

关键词：工程成就

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Emerging trends in self-healable nanomaterials for triboelectric nanogenerators: A comprehensive review

《能源前沿（英文）》页码 727-750 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0896-2

摘要： A thorough analysis of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) that make use of self-healable nanomaterials is presented in this review. These TENGs have shown promise as independent energy sources that do not require an external power source to function. TENGs are developing into a viable choice for powering numerous applications as low-power electronics technology advances. Despite having less power than conventional energy sources, TENGs do not directly compete with these. TENGs, on the other hand, provide unique opportunities for future self-powered systems and might encourage advancements in energy and sensor technologies. Examining the many approaches used to improve nanogenerators by employing materials with shape memory and self-healable characteristics is the main goal of this review. The findings of this comprehensive review provide valuable information on the advancements and possibilities of TENGs, which opens the way for further research and advancement in this field. The discussion of life cycle evaluations of TENGs provides details on how well they perform in terms of the environment and identifies potential improvement areas. Additionally, the cost-effectiveness, social acceptability, and regulatory implications of self-healing TENGs are examined, as well as their economic and societal ramifications.

关键词： triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) self-healable nanomaterials self-powered devices energy

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汽车轻量化技术：铝/镁合金及其成型技术发展动态

付彭怀,彭立明,丁文江

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第1期页码 84-90 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.012

摘要：

为了推动我国汽车工业轻量化进程，文章从新材料、成型新技术、新应用三个方面对铝合金、镁合金两类轻金属材料的国内外研究动态进行了回顾，分析了两类轻金属材料在汽车工业应用的阻力，提出了我国汽车工业铝/镁合金可能的发展建议。

关键词：汽车轻量化铝合金镁合金成型技术发展动态

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CONCENTRATIONS AND FLUXES OF DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER: LONG-TERM TRENDS AND ECOLOGICAL

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 559-567 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2020344

摘要：

Intensifying human activity in the Yangtze River basin has substantially increased nutrient concentrations in the Yangtze River Estuary, leading to degradation of the coastal environment. Analysis of nutrient determinations published over the past 50 years reveals a gradual decreasing trend in the concentrations and fluxes of dissolved silicate (DSi). However, both dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) concentrations have increased significantly since the 1970s. The frequency of and area covered by red tide outbreaks have increased greatly during this period, mainly due to changes in nutrient supply ratios [i.e., N/P (DIN/DIP), N/Si (DIN/DSi), P/Si (DIP/DSi)]. A strong correlation was found between the riverine DIN fluxes and the estimated DIN inputs from the major N sources, particularly fertilizers and atmospheric deposition. The data provide a comprehensive assessment of nutrients in the Yangtze River basin and their ecological impacts and indicate a potentially significant influence of atmospheric deposition on DIN loadings and fluxes.

关键词： atmospheric deposition / ecological impacts / nitrogen sources / nutrients / Yangtze delta

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Research Trends in Information Technology Applications in Construction Safety Engineering and Management

Mirosɬaw J. Skibniewski

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 246-259 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014034

摘要： Through analysis of articles published from 2000 to March 2014 in Automaton in Construction (AUTCON), an international research journal published by Elsevier, this paper summarizes the topics of research and the institutions worldwide where research was conducted in construction safety engineering and management. Seventy-one articles published during this time focused on Information Technology (IT) applications in this field were selected for analysis. The underlying research topics and their related IT implementations are discussed, and research trends in allied specialties are identified.

关键词： automation international research journal research trends industrial safety engineering and management construction technology building engineering information technology